Mao Collection, Middle Volume. Radical: Hand (shǒu). Kangxi strokes: 23. Page 464, Entry 18. Tang Dynasty Rhymes (Tangyun): Pronounced luan. Collected Rhymes (Jiyun), Rhyme Compendium (Yunhui), and Correct Rhymes (Zhengyun): Pronounced luan (level tone). Explaining Graphs and Analyzing Characters (Shuowen): To bind. Everything that is constrained, pulled, or linked is called luan. Book of Changes (Yijing): Sincerity is linked together like this. Commentary: A term for being linked together without end. History of the Former Han (Qianhanshu): Beyond the words of restraint and constraint, and discussing matters outside the territory. Poetry on the Sage Virtue of the Yuanhe Era (Yuanheshengdeshi): Untying the binding ropes. Also, Collected Rhymes (Jiyun), Rhyme Compendium (Yunhui), and Correct Rhymes (Zhengyun): Pronounced luan. A disease causing the hands and feet to curl. Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji): With a flattened nose and curled knees. Also, used interchangeably with luan (to long for). To care for; to miss. History of the Former Han (Qianhanshu): Longing for me. Commentary: Luan is pronounced as luan.