You Collection, Upper Volume Radical: Speech (yán) 14 strokes Page 1163, Entry 03 Shuowen Jiezi (Shuowen): This is the ancient form of the character for reproach (qiao). Book of Documents (Shujing), section Golden Cabinet (Jinteng): King Cheng of Zhou did not dare to reproach the Duke of Zhou. Commentary: This means to rebuke or censure. History of the Former Han (Qianhan), Biography of Qing Bu: Xiang Yu sent messengers many times to reproach and summon Qing Bu. Annotation: This means to scold or reprimand.